A Qualitative Analysis of the Conflict Between Secular Ethics and Islamic Legal Rulings

Abstract

The aim of this study was to qualitatively analyze the conflict between secular ethics and Islamic legal rulings and to identify its dimensions, consequences, and strategies for management within Iranian society. This research employed a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with 23 experts, clerics, university professors, and practitioners in the fields of ethics and Islamic law, all residing in Tehran. Purposeful sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis with NVivo software. The analysis revealed that the conflict between secular ethics and Islamic rulings primarily stems from differences in sources of legitimacy, ethical goals, and value criteria. Social consequences of this conflict included reduced trust in religious institutions, identity duality, the rise of critical discourse, and increased protest activities. Participants suggested strategies such as rethinking traditional jurisprudence, promoting interdisciplinary dialogue, applied ethics education, and strengthening the spiritual reading of religion as ways to address the conflict. The findings demonstrate that the conflict between secular ethics and Islamic legal rulings is a multidimensional phenomenon that requires a comprehensive, flexible approach and active engagement of religious institutions with evolving ethical values and the acceptance of collective rationality.