Economic Society-Building Model in the Qur’an: An Approach Based on the Analysis of the Teachings of Surah Al-Baqarah

Abstract

The organization of an ideal Islamic society, grounded in the moral, political, economic, and cultural principles of Islam, requires the establishment of appropriate foundations, the utilization of effective methods, and the ability to overcome existing challenges and obstacles. Using a descriptive–analytical method, this study examines the factors that facilitate the construction of Islamic civilization, the challenges encountered in this process, and the trajectory of its development from the era of Madinat al-Nabi (the City of the Prophet) to the present day. The findings indicate that the nascent Islamic society, under the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and inspired by the teachings of Surah Al-Baqarah, initially focused on establishing political relations, concluding peace treaties, and formulating foundational legal frameworks. Subsequently, through strategies such as forgiveness, enlightenment, and confronting doubts, misconceptions, and hypocrites, it managed its interactions with opponents and adversaries. In the financial and economic sphere, significant measures were undertaken, including identifying economic capacities, expanding commercial relations, establishing new marketplaces, promoting economic jihad, combating consumerism, supporting production, and alleviating poverty. Throughout this process, persistent challenges such as hostility and opposition, cultural and political misinformation campaigns, economic sanctions, and financial corruption emerged, yet these were addressed through appropriate and effective measures. The study concludes that by understanding the historical trajectory of Islamic societal development and by updating the Islamic teachings manifested in Surah Al-Baqarah, it is possible to employ successful historical methods and strategies in order to achieve the ultimate objective of Islamic society-building in the contemporary era.