Designing an Optimal Model of Moral Education for NAJA Personnel Based on Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya

Abstract

This study aimed to design and validate an optimal model of moral education for NAJA personnel based on the educational foundations, principles, and methods derived from Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya. An exploratory mixed-methods design was employed. In the qualitative phase, descriptive-analytical documentary analysis was conducted using Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya as the primary source and Islamic texts, hadiths, narrations, and statements attributed to Imam Sajjad as secondary sources. The sources were selected through snowball sampling, and the qualitative data were analyzed using MAXQDA. Based on the extracted qualitative findings, a 21-item questionnaire was developed and rated on a five-point Likert scale. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population comprised 120 educational sciences professors and police experts in Tehran. According to the Krejcie and Morgan sampling table, 92 participants were selected through random sampling. Content validity was assessed by five experts, convergent validity was examined using average variance extracted, and reliability was evaluated through Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability. The proposed model was validated using partial least squares structural equation modeling in SmartPLS. All factor loadings were statistically significant and ranged from 0.638 to 0.977. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.953 to 0.973, composite reliability coefficients ranged from 0.963 to 0.975, and average variance extracted values ranged from 0.654 to 0.831, confirming adequate reliability and convergent validity. Moral education foundations had the strongest positive and significant effect on moral education (β=0.418, t=41.066), followed by moral education methods (β=0.363, t=50.471) and moral education principles (β=0.332, t=38.711). The predictive relevance coefficient was Q²=0.650, indicating strong predictive power. Moreover, the goodness-of-fit index was 0.879, demonstrating a strong overall fit of the proposed structural model. The proposed model, comprising the foundations, principles, and methods of moral education, demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, predictive capacity, and structural fit. It may therefore provide a coherent framework for planning, implementing, and evaluating moral education programs designed for NAJA personnel.