Conceptualization and Content Analysis of Human Dignity in Two Paradigms: Modern International Law and the Alawi School

Abstract

The present study employs a qualitative grounded theory approach based on the methodology of Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin, utilizing three stages of open, axial, and selective coding to analyze the conceptualization of human dignity within two paradigms: modern international law and the Alawi school. The findings indicate that human dignity in the Qur’an is articulated as an inherent and innate value bestowed upon human beings by God from the very beginning of creation. This notion is emphasized through key verses such as “Indeed, Allah commands justice and excellence” (Qur’an 16:90), “O you who have believed, stand firmly for justice” (Qur’an 4:135), and “Whoever saves a life, it is as if he has saved all mankind” (Qur’an 5:32). Furthermore, the core components of human dignity—including the right to access justice and the prohibition of discrimination, the right to freedom of expression and participation in public affairs, and the right to life and personal security—are conceptualized within the framework of these Qur’anic teachings as well as the emphases of Ali ibn Abi Talib. These components, within the two paradigms of modern international law and the Alawi school, are integrated into a comprehensive theoretical framework that reinforces ethical, justice-oriented, and spiritual perspectives. The study proposes a theoretical model based on causal conditions, contextual factors, strategies, and barriers to the realization of dignity, highlighting the role of institutions and society in safeguarding fundamental rights and promoting human dignity. Accordingly, human dignity—grounded in the elevated teachings of the Holy Qur’an—occupies an unparalleled position as a foundational pillar of justice, security, and freedom within legal and cultural systems.