Exploring the Dimensions of Ethics in Sharia from the Perspective of Islamic Philosophy: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Abstract

The aim of this study is to explore the dimensions of ethics in Islamic Sharia from the perspective of Islamic philosophy and to elucidate the position and role of ethics within the structure of Sharia using interpretive content analysis. This qualitative study was conducted using the method of interpretive content analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 professors and experts in the fields of Islamic philosophy and jurisprudence in Tehran. Purposeful sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The collected data were analyzed using NVivo software, applying open, axial, and selective coding to extract categories and main themes. Data analysis identified three main themes: (1) The position of ethics in the structure of Sharia (including purposiveness, philosophy of legislation, and conflict between jurisprudence and ethics); (2) The relationship between Islamic philosophy and Sharia ethics (including teleology, virtue theory, and philosophical interpretation of ethical rulings); and (3) Lived manifestations of ethics in Sharia (including practical examples, moral education, and social ethics). The results showed that ethics serves as both the ultimate goal and a prerequisite for Sharia rulings, and philosophical interpretation can deepen understanding and resolve potential conflicts between ethics and Sharia. This study presents a conceptual-interpretive model emphasizing the profound connection between ethics and Sharia in Islamic thought and highlights the need to reconsider the role of rationality and ethical objectives in the interpretation and instruction of Sharia rulings. The findings can guide jurists, educators, and policymakers in the clarification and promotion of religious ethics.