Identifying the Dimensions and Components of Organizational Justice Based on Islamic Teachings (Qur’an and Nahj al-Balagha) in Governmental Organizations

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify, design, and validate the dimensions and components of organizational justice grounded in Islamic teachings derived from the Qur’an and Nahj al-Balagha and to determine the relative impact of each dimension within governmental organizations. This research employed an exploratory mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with experts in public administration and seminary scholars were conducted using snowball sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved after fourteen interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis using MAXQDA12, leading to the extraction of basic, organizing, and global themes. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-developed questionnaire was administered to managers and experts from fifty governmental organizations in Dayyer city. Structural relationships among constructs were examined using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Construct validity and reliability were confirmed through factor loadings, composite reliability, and average variance extracted indices. The qualitative analysis identified eight principal dimensions of Islamic organizational justice—distributive, procedural, interactional, social, legal, cultural, informational, and environmental justice—comprising 35 components and 94 indicators. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that all dimensions exerted positive and statistically significant effects on the central construct of organizational justice. Interactional justice exhibited the strongest effect (β = 0.960), indicating that perceptions of fairness were primarily shaped by ethical interpersonal treatment and respectful communication. Informational, cultural, and legal justice also showed substantial explanatory power. Bootstrapping results confirmed the statistical significance of all structural paths at the 95% confidence level.  The findings indicate that organizational justice from an Islamic perspective represents a multidimensional ethical system integrating moral conduct, transparent communication, social responsibility, and environmental accountability. The proposed model provides an indigenous evaluative framework capable of guiding justice-oriented policy design, ethical governance practices, and organizational performance assessment within public sector institutions.