A Qualitative Model of Intercultural Communication Development Management for International Pilgrims of the Razavi Shrine

Abstract

The aim of this study was to present a qualitative model of intercultural communication development management for international pilgrims of the Razavi Shrine. The statistical population of this qualitative study included faculty members of Islamic Azad University in the field of cultural management, specialists and experts in communication and cultural sociology, and cultural attachés holding master’s and doctoral degrees with at least fifteen years of managerial experience. Sampling was conducted using a non-probability purposive method, and 15 qualified experts were selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that the dimensions of the qualitative model included the individual dimension with four components, the communicative dimension with three components, the institutional dimension with two components, the managerial dimension with two components, and the cultural-environmental dimension with three components. Overall, it can be stated that the development and management of intercultural communication among international pilgrims at the Holy Razavi Shrine is not a one-dimensional or merely skill-based phenomenon, but rather a multifaceted and systemic constellation. The synergy and dynamic interaction of these dimensions can provide a suitable foundation for creating deep mutual understanding, enhancing the quality of pilgrims’ spiritual experience, reducing cultural misunderstandings and tensions, and ultimately realizing effective pilgrimage diplomacy.