Identifying Indicators of Ethical Trust in Islamic Social Relations: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify the indicators of ethical trust in Islamic social relations from the lived experiences of Tehran citizens. This research employed a qualitative design using thematic analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 Tehran residents who engage in religiously inspired social interactions. Participants were selected purposefully, and interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. All data were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo 12 software through open, axial, and selective coding. The analysis revealed three major categories: "Cognitive foundations of trust" (including perceived honesty, benevolent intent, and religious commitment), "Behavioral reinforcers of trust" (such as keeping promises, trustworthiness, fairness, and accountability), and "Socio-cultural contexts" (including religious family upbringing, moral social environment, and prior trust experiences). Participants described ethical trust as a multifaceted construct deeply intertwined with Islamic ethics, individual experience, and broader social norms. The results indicate that ethical trust in Islamic social relations is shaped by the interaction of cognitive, behavioral, and cultural dimensions, rooted in religious values, moral behaviors, and institutional influences. These findings offer valuable theoretical and practical insights for cultural planning, ethical education, and faith-based social development.