Exploring the Dimensions of Moral Education in the Prophet Muhammad’s Conduct: A Descriptive Qualitative Approach

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the dimensions of moral education in the conduct of the Prophet Muhammad using a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on its foundations, methods, and ethical indicators. This research employed a descriptive qualitative design and thematic content analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 24 experts in Islamic studies, education, and religious ethics based in Tehran. Participants were selected purposively and interviews continued until theoretical saturation. NVivo software was used to facilitate data coding, including open, axial, and selective coding processes. Data analysis resulted in three main themes: “Foundations of Moral Education,” “Methods of Moral Education,” and “Moral Characteristics Cultivated.” Each theme encompassed multiple subthemes and related concepts. The findings revealed that moral education in the Prophet’s conduct is rooted in innate human nature, divine revelation, affection, and rationality. The Prophet employed practical modeling, dialogue, storytelling, and positive reinforcement as educational strategies. Ethical traits such as honesty, humility, justice, and social responsibility were among the outcomes of his moral training. The conduct of the Prophet Muhammad offers a comprehensive and human-centered model of moral education that can be effectively applied in modern educational systems. This model aligns with human nature and fosters internalization of ethical values through gradual, emotional, and rational methods.