Identifying the Contextual Factors of Weak Ethical Behavior in Religious Institutions: A Grounded Theory Approach

Abstract

This study aims to identify the contextual factors contributing to weak ethical behavior in religious institutions using a grounded theory approach. A qualitative study was conducted based on grounded theory methodology. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 participants from religious institutions in Tehran until theoretical saturation was reached. Data analysis was performed using Nvivo software through open, axial, and selective coding stages. The results were organized into three main categories: structural weaknesses of religious institutions, cultural and social contextual factors, and individual weaknesses of religious officials. Key subcategories included ineffective supervision, centralization, lack of financial transparency, replacement of religiosity with social norms, sanctification of individuals, conflicts of personal and institutional interests, and lack of ethical self-monitoring. Weak ethical behavior in religious institutions stems from the complex interaction of structural, cultural, and individual factors. Reforming management and supervisory structures, strengthening an ethical organizational culture, and enhancing the ethical literacy and motivation of officials are fundamental solutions for improving ethical conduct.